INFANCY- newborn baby (0-2 years)

Source 1: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

 

• Cow’s milk does not provide enough VITAMIN E, IRON & ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

• Cow’s milk contain HIGH LEVEL of PROTEIN, SODIUM & POTASSIUM which hard for the baby’s system to handle and also hardly to be digest.

 

SOURCE 2: Whole Cow’s Milk in infancy by Pediator Child Health

 Reference: Leung, A. K. C., and Sauve, R. S. (2003). Whole cow’s milk in infancy. Paediatrics & Child Health, 8(7), 419-421.

 

• Infants fed Whole Cow’s Milk (WCM) tend to have high intake of iron, linoleic acid and also Vitamin E.

• WCM also cause excessive intake of Sodium, Potassium and Protein.

• Therefore, it is not recommended to introduce the WCM to the baby until 12 months.

• Cow’s milk nutritional considerations;

• High casein content

• 6-7 times much more caseins compared to breastmilk

• Caseins form tough, hard to digest curd by infant

 

• Low level of linoleic acid

• ~1.8% linoleic content in WCM (much lower from the recommended which is 3%)

 

• low contents of zinc, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E

 

• Excessive sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus

• 3 times more sodium and potassium content compared to breastmilk

• 4 times more calcium content compared to breastmilk

• 6 times greater phosphorus content compared to breastmilk

(The high phosphate load has been implicated as a cause of late hypocalcemic tetany)

 

• Cow’s milk can cause health problem to the infants;

• Iron Deficiency anemia

• loss of blood from the gastrointestinal tract.

• Iron level in WCM is very low ( 0.3 mg/L to 1 mg/L)

 

• High renal solute load

• A higher intake of protein, sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus increases the renal solute load.

• The higher renal solute load of whole cow’s milk results in a urinary osmolality

• whole cow’s milk may not supply enough free water.

• ​

• Early exposure to cow’s milk proteins increases the risk of developing allergy to milk proteins

• There is no evidence to suggest that whole cow’s milk is more allergenic than infant formulas that contain intact cow’s milk proteins.

• Present of cow’s milk antigen in human milk

• Diabetes mellitus

• Exposure to cow’s milk proteins elicits antibody formation to insulin

 

SOURCE 3 : GIVING BABY DAIRY WHOLE COW MILK by wholesomebabyfood.momtastic.com

 

Reference: Momstatic. nd. Giving Baby Dairy Whole Milk. Strived at http://wholesomebabyfood.momtastic.com/milkforbaby.htm

 

 

• Dairy – Whole Milk – is not recommended for babies under 12 months of age.

• Whole Cow’s Milk Is Not Recommended for Baby for the Following Reasons:

 

• Compared to breast milk and formula, whole cow’s milk is low in iron, lineoleic acid and Vitamin E

• Cow’s milk has too much sodium, potassium, chloride and protein for little kidneys to handle

• Early introduction to cows milk may cause microscopic gastrointestinal bleeding and blood loss in up to 40% of normal infants (this risk mostly disappears after 12 months)

• Cow’s milk may cause an allergic reaction, approximately 0.3 to 7.5% of all children are affected

• Cows milk consumption before 1 years of age has been linked to iron deficiency anemia in children

 

• Cow’s milk problem

• Iron defieciency anemia ;

• Milk impedes the proper absorption of iron and iron is one thing that an infant can not afford to have cut down

• Hard to be digest;

• whole cow’s milk protein and fat are more difficult for an infant to digest and absorb.

 

“The most dramatic effects are on iron levels in the body. Recent studies show infants often have depleted levels when started on cow’s milk at six months of age.”

MerckSource Dairy Facts – Infants

 

 

SOURCE 4: INFANT FORMULA VS. WHOLE MILK by Laura Kenny

 

Reference: Laura Kenny. Feb 03, 2014. Infant Formula vs Whole Milk. Livestrong.com. strived at http://www.livestrong.com/article/91781-infant-formula-vs.-whole-milk/

 

 

• Whole milk have higher protein content than infant formula

• infants do not have a fully developed digestive system and may have problems digesting the proteins found in whole milk.

• Whole milk have a high concentration of whey protein and also higher concentration of casein protein

• Casein protein is large and more difficult to digest

• The large protein molecules can irritate the intestines and cause intestinal bleeding.

• The large amount of protein found in whole milk can damage the infant's developing kidneys.

• Nutritional consideration;

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• Large amount of calcium content reduced the iron absorption

• calcium and iron will bind together, decrease absorption, and cause fecal excretion

• lack of iron can lead to developmental problems in the brain and nervous system.

 

• Vitamin & Minerals

• low in vitamin E and C

• The reduced levels of vitamin C can decrease immunity and increase the infant’s risk of infection

• excessive intakes of sodium, potassium and chloride can place unnecessary strain on the kidneys.

• High sodium intakes also lead to water retention and dehydration.

 

• Essential Fatty Acids

• Linoleic acid is nonexistent in whole milk.

• Infants need linoleic acid and other essential fatty acids for healthy brain development.